Sunday 31 January 2021

Non-Renewable Energy Sources|Sainik School Coaching|Anand Classes|@9463138669

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Revision Course : Sainik School Exam Syllabus (Topic Wise GK)Shape of Earth and Gravitation MCQs. Sainik School Coaching Jalandhar

Topic : Non-Renewable Energy Sources (Fossil
Fuels) RIMC RMS Coaching Jalandhar

Shape of Earth and Gravitation. Sainik School Coaching Jalandhar 

We, at ANAND CLASSES, are providing the Study Material for All India Sainik School Entrance Exam  for students who want to excel in their studies and ace their final exam.

Sainik School Coaching Jalandhar. Sainik School Exam Study Material

Q1. What is a good source of energy?

Solution:

A good source of energy has the following properties:

  • Be economical
  • Easy storage and transportation
  • Easy availability
  • Work done per unit volume or mass should be large.

Q2. What is a good fuel?

Solution:

A fuel is said to be good when it is easily available and when it produces a large amount of heat energy when burnt.

Q3. If you could use any source of energy for heating your food, which one would you use and why?

Solution:

For heating and cooking, natural gas can be used for the below given reasons:

  • It is easy to use
  • It is easily available
  • Easy transportation
  • It does not produce huge amount of smoke when burnt
  • It is highly inflammable.

Q1. What are the disadvantages of fossil fuels?

Solution:

Following are the disadvantages of fossil fuels:

  • Fossil fuels like coal and petroleum results in air pollution as there is release of huge amount of pollutants.
  • Gases such as carbon dioxide is released when a fossil fuel is burnt, which causes global warming.
  • Soil fertility and potable water is affected by the oxides of carbon, nitrogen, sulphur, etc. that are released from fossil fuels.

Q2. Why are we looking at alternate sources of energy?

Solution:

The reason why we are looking at alternate sources of energy is because the fossil fuels are non-renewable sources of energy, i.e. they are not available in large quantities and cannot be replenished. Fossil fuels will get exhausted if their consumption is not controlled. Therefore, it is better to switch to alternate source of energy.

Q3. How has the traditional use of wind and water energy been modified for our convenience?

Solution:

In olden days, wind energy was trapped used windmills to do mechanical works like lifting or drawing water from a well. But these days, windmills are used to generate electricity. The kinetic energy of wind is trapped and converted into electricity with the help of rotatory motion of the blades, which turns the turbine of the electric generator to produce electricity.

Similarly, waterfalls were the source of potential energy in olden days. But these days as the number of waterfalls has reduced, water dams are constructed and are used as a source to trap the potential energy. Here, the water falls from a certain height on the turbine producing electricity.

 

Q1. What kind of mirror – concave, convex or plain would be best suited for use in a solar cooker? Why?

Solution:

For a solar cooker the heat source is sunlight for heating and cooking. The reason why a mirror is used is to reflect and focus the sunlight at one point. So a concave mirror can be used in a solar cooker, as it focuses all the sunlight at one point resulting in increase in temperature, thereby heating and cooking the food.

Q2. What are the limitations of the energy that can be obtained from the ocean?

Solution:

The different forms of energy that can be obtained from the ocean are tidal energy, wave energy and ocean thermal energy. Following are the limitations of the energy obtained from ocean:

  • The relative positioning of the earth, the sun and the moon has an impact on the tidal energy.
  • For the conversion of tidal energy into electricity, high dams are required.
  • To obtain electricity from wave energy, very strong waves are required.
  • For trapping the ocean thermal energy, there should be a temperature difference of more than 20°C between hot surface water and the cold water at a depth.

Q3. What is geothermal energy?

Solution:

Geothermal energy can be defined as the energy that is obtained from the earth. The energy can be obtained from the hot spots that are formed when the molten rocks at the core of the earth are pushed to the earth’s crust. Hot springs are used for the production of electricity in the geothermal power plants.

Q4. What are the advantages of nuclear energy?

Solution:

Following are the advantages of nuclear energy:

  • Amount of energy produced per unit mass is large
  • As it does not produce any pollutants, it is clean
  • Fission of 1 atom of uranium produces 10 million times the energy that is obtained by burning 1 atom of carbon

 

Q1. Can any source of energy be pollution-free? Why or why not?

Solution:

No source of energy can be completely pollution-free. But solar cells are considered to be pollution-free. But their manufacturing may cause environmental damage. In case of nuclear energy, the waste produced after fusion is zero. But the wastes that are produced during fission are hazardous. Hence, no source of energy is pollution-free.

Q2. Hydrogen has been used as a rocket fuel. Would you consider it a cleaner fuel than CNG? Why or why not?

Solution:

Hydrogen gas is cleaner than CNG as CNG contains hydrocarbons. Carbon is a form of pollutant in CNG. On the other hand, hydrogen is waste-free and the fusion of hydrogen does not produce any waste. Hence, hydrogen as a rocket fuel is cleaner than the CNG.

Q1. Name two energy sources that you would consider to be renewable. Give reasons for your choices.

Solution:

Following are the two sources of energy that are renewable:

  • Wind: Wind energy is obtained from the air which is blowing at a high speed. Wind energy is trapped using windmills so as to generate electricity. Blowing of air is dependent on uneven heating of the earth. Since the heating of the earth is forever, wind availability will also be forever.
  • Sun: The energy obtained from the sun is known as solar energy. It is produced by the fusion of hydrogen into helium, fusion of helium into other heavy metals and it continues. A large amount of hydrogen and helium is available in the sun which will never be exhausted. Hence, solar energy is renewable source of energy.

Q2. Give the names of two energy sources that you would consider to be exhaustible. Give reasons for your choices.

Solution:

Following are the two sources of energy that are exhaustible:

  • Wood: The source of wood are forests. Due to deforestation the number of forests are reducing. We know that it takes years to grow forest. If the rate of deforestation increases, the availability of wood will decrease. Hence, wood is an exhaustible source of energy.
  • Coal: The source of coal is from the dead remains of the plants and animals that remained buried for years. Industrialization has increased the demand for coal and it cannot be replenished. Hence, coal is also an exhaustible source of energy.

 

Q1. A solar water heater cannot be used to get hot water on
a. A sunny day
b. A cloudy day
c. A hot day
d. A windy day

Solution: b) A cloudy day

A solar water heater uses solar energy to heat water. On a cloudy day, the sunlight won’t be intense and bright enough and it gets reflected back in the sky from the clouds. This holds the sunlight from reaching the ground. Therefore, solar energy won’t be available for the solar water heater to heat the water.

Q2. Which of the following is not an example of a bio-mass energy source?
a. Wood
b. Gobar-gas
c. Nuclear energy
d. Coal

Solution: c) Nuclear energy

Bio-mass is obtained from the dead plants and animal wastes. In these dead plants and animals there is a chemical change as they react with water and sunlight. But nuclear energy is obtained by fusion and fission of atoms resulting in tremendous release of energy. Both nuclear fusion and fission can be carried out in the absence of the sunlight.

Wood is a part of plant, gobar-gas is obtained from the animal dung and coal is obtained by the dead remains of the plants and animals. Therefore, they are all bio-mass energy products.

Q3. Most of the sources of energy we use represent stored solar energy. Which of the following is not ultimately derived from the sun’s energy?
a. Geothermal energy
b. Wind energy
c. Nuclear energy
d. Bio-mass

Solution: c) Nuclear energy

Nuclear energy is produced by nuclear fusion and nuclear fission. In nuclear fission, uranium atoms are bombarded with low energy neutrons resulting in splitting of the atom into two relatively lighter nuclei. In nuclear fusion, lighter nuclei are fused together to form a relatively heavier nuclei. The energy produced in nuclear reaction is tremendous and can be carried out in the absence of sunlight.

Geothermal energy is obtained from the deep stored energy in the form of heat in the earth’s crust. The uneven heating of the earth’s surface results in wind movement and bio-mass is obtained from the dead remains of the plants and the animals.

Q4. Compare and contrast fossil fuels and the sun as direct sources of energy.

Solution:

Fossil fuels are obtained from the earth’s crust as they are the remains of the dead plants and animals. They are similar to coal and petroleum and readily available for use. These are non-renewable source of energy and cannot be replenished.

Whereas solar energy is abundant in nature and can be replenished.

Q5. Compare and contrast bio-mass and hydroelectricity as sources of energy.

Solution:

Bio-mass is obtained from the dead plants and animals. It is a renewable source of energy. Examples of bio-mass sources of energies are wood, gobar-gas.

Hydroelectricity is obtained from the potential energy of the stored water at a certain height. Water from a certain height is made to fall on the turbines of the generator resulting in electricity. Dams and reservoirs are used in hydroelectricity.

Both bio-mass and hydroelectricity are renewable sources of energies.

Q6. What are the limitations of extracting energy from:
a. The wind?
b. Waves?
c. Tides?

Solution:

  • a) The wind: Wind energy is trapped using windmills. One of the limitations of the wind energy is that the windmills requires a speed more than 15 km/h to generate electricity. And the number of windmills will be more to cover a huge area. RIMC RMS Coaching Jalandhar
  • b) Waves: In order to extract energy from the waves, very strong ocean waves are needed.
  • c) Tides: In order to extract energy from the tides, the sun, the moon and the earth should be in a straight alignment and the tides should be very strong. RIMC RMS Coaching Jalandhar

Q7. On what basis would you classify energy sources as:
a. Renewable and non-renewable?
b. Exhaustible and inexhaustible?

Are the options given in (a) and (b) the same?

Solution:
a) Renewable and non-renewable:
Renewable energy sources are those which replenish on their own and are easily available in nature. Like solar energy, tidal energy, wind energy, bio-mass.

Non-renewable energy sources are those which do not replenish on their own and have limited availability in nature. Like fossil fuels which includes petroleum, coal and natural gas.

b) Exhaustible and inexhaustible:
Exhaustible source of energy are those which deplete after few hundred years. Like coal and petroleum.

Inexhaustible source of energy are those which do not deplete and are available in abundant quantity. Like solar and wind energy.

Q8. What are the qualities of an ideal source of energy?

Solution:

Following are the qualities of an ideal source of energy:

  • It should be economical
  • It should be easily available
  • Pollution free
  • Easy transportation and storage
  • The amount of energy produced when burnt should be huge.

Q9. What are the advantages and disadvantages of using a solar cooker? Are there places where solar cookers would have limited utility?

Solution: Non-Renewable Energy Sources (Fossil Fuels)

Advantages:

The heat source for a solar cooker is sunlight. It is a clean renewable and inexhaustible source of energy. As its availability is unlimited, it will be pocket-friendly.

Disadvantages:

It doesn’t work on a cloudy day.

Q10. What are the environmental consequences of the increasing demand for energy? What steps would you suggest to reduce energy consumption?

Solution: Non-Renewable Energy Sources (Fossil Fuels)

Industrialization demands for more energy and to fulfil these demands fossil fuels are used as they are readily available. Due to their harsh usage, it has an impact on the environment. Too much exploitation of fossil fuels has led to greenhouse effect resulting in global warming. RIMC RMS Coaching Jalandhar

But there are few possibilities of reducing this by reducing the usage of fossil fuels and opting for alternate sources of energy. Reduce the unnecessary usage of electricity and water. Opt for public transportation and lessen using own vehicles. These are a few small steps that can be implemented to reduce energy consumption. Non-Renewable Energy Sources (Fossil Fuels)

Non-Renewable Energy Sources (Fossil Fuels)

Sources of Energy RIMC RMS Coaching Jalandhar

Energy is derived from several sources. These sources are classified as: RIMC RMS Coaching Jalandhar

  • Renewable Sources RIMC RMS Coaching Jalandhar
  • Non-renewable Sources RIMC RMS Coaching Jalandhar

Renewable energy is the one that is derived from natural sources such as sun, wind, water, etc and can be replenished. The energy derived from these natural sources can be converted into various forms of energy such as solar energy, which is widely used in solar cookers, solar panels to generate electricity, solar batteries etc., wind energy used in windmills.

Non-renewable energy is obtained from natural resources that once exhausted cannot be replenished. Coal, oil and natural gas are the sources of non-renewable energy. It takes several years for the formation of these resources. These are widely used in today’s scenario. However, they are less eco-friendly when compared to renewable resources as they produce a lot of environmental pollution when burnt. RIMC RMS Coaching Jalandhar

These sources of energy have several advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, they should be used wisely. The non-renewable sources are on the verge of getting exhausted. Alternative sources of energy are being searched which can be used in an environment-friendly manner without being depleted.

Explain the disadvantages of fossil fuels ? sainik School study material

The disadvantages of fossil fuels are – sainik School study material
1. Pollution can be caused by the burning of fossil fuels.
2. Fossil fuels are also a reason for acid rain. sainik School study material
3. The fertility of soil deteriorates and the quality of portable water reduces.
4. Burning of fossil fuels leads to emission of hazardous gases into the atmosphere which is the main reason of global warming. sainik School study material

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Saturday 30 January 2021

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CALL 9463138669, ANAND CLASSES–ALL INDIA SAINIK SCHOOL ENTRANCE EXAM COACHING CENTER IN JALANDHAR.

Revision Course : Sainik School Exam Syllabus (Topic Wise GK)Shape of Earth and Gravitation MCQs. Sainik School Coaching Jalandhar

Topic : Shape of Earth and Gravitation.

Shape of Earth and Gravitation. Sainik School Coaching Jalandhar 

We, at ANAND CLASSES, are providing the Study Material for All India Sainik School Entrance Exam  for students who want to excel in their studies and ace their final exam.

Sainik School Coaching Jalandhar. Sainik School Exam Study Material

Q.1> What is the name of attractive force which act between any two bodies in our universe?

A: Gravitational force
B: Coulomb attractive force
C: Nuclear force
D: Magnetic force

Answer

Gravitational force

Q.2> What is the value of Universal Gravitational Constant (G) in C.G.S unit?

A: 6.67 * 10-6 cgs unit
B: 6.67 * 10-7 cgs unit
C: 6.67 * 10-8 cgs unit
D: 6.67 * 10-10 cgs unit

Answer

6.67 * 10-8 cgs unit

Q.3> What is the unit of Universal Gravitational Constant in SI unit?

A: N-m-Kg
B: N/m-Kg
C: N-m/Kg2
D: N/m2-Kg

Answer

N-m/Kg2

Q.4> What is the value of gravitational acceleration on Earth?

A: 9.8 m-s2
B: 9.8 m/s2
C: 8.9 m-s2
D: 8.9 m/s2

Answer

9.8 m/s2

Q.5> The value of gravitational acceleration is –

A: increases as height increase form the earth.
B: decreases as height increase from the earth.
C: remains constant
D: None of the above

Answer

Increases as height increase from the earth

Q.6> Where the value of gravitational acceleration is less due to the diurnal motion of earth?

A: At Polar region
B: At equator
C: Tropic of Cancer or Tropic of Capricorn
D: None of this

Answer

At equator

Q.7> In which region of earth the weight of a body is slightly greater?

A: At Polar region
B: At equator
C: Tropic of Cancer or Tropic of Capricorn
D: None of this

Answer

At polar region

Q.8> If speed of rotation of earth increases then what would be the value of weight of a body?

A: Weight of a body will increases
B: Weight of a body will decreases
C: Weight of a body remain constant
D: Can not be answered

Answer

Weight of a body will decreases

Q.9> What is the approximate mass of Sun?

A: 2 * 1034 kg
B: 2 * 1032 kg
C: 2 * 1030 kg
D: 2 * 1028 kg

Answer

2 * 1030 kg

Q.10 What is the approximate mass of earth?

A: 3 * 1024 kg
B: 4* 1024 kg
C: 5* 1024 kg
D: 6 * 1024 kg

Answer

6 * 1024 kg

Q.11 What is escape velocity?

A: Velocity of moon
B: Velocity of earth
C: Velocity of a body that allow it to go outside the earth
D: Tangential velocity of equator.

Answer

Velocity of a body that allow it to go outside the earth.

Q.12 What is the value of escape velocity of earth?

A: 9.8 km/sec
B: 10 km/sec
C: 11.2 km/sec
D: 12 km/sec

Answer

11.2 km/sec

Q.13 Does time period of artificial satellite depend on its mass?

A: Yes
B: No

Answer

No

Q.14 What would be the height of an artificial satellite so that it can be observed at same position with respect to earth?

A: 36000 km above the earth surface
B: 40000 km above the earth surface
C: 26000 km above the earth surface
D: 63000 km above the earth surface

Answer

36000 km above the earth surface.

Q.15 How much time a polar satellite take to complete one revolution around earth?

A: 1 hour 30 min.
B: 2 hours
C: 2 hour 20 min
D: 3 hour

Answer

2 hours

Q.16 What is the weight of a body inside an artificial satellite of earth?

A: It depends on the mass of the body
B: It depends on the velocity of satellite
C: Product of its mass and gravitational acceleration
D: Zero

Answer

Zero

Q.17 Does the gravitational force same for two objects inside and outside the water?

A: Yes
B: No

Answer

Yes

Q.18 What is the weight of a body of mass 1 kg?

A: 1 kg
B: 9.8 kg
C: 9.8 Kg-m/Sec2
D: 9.8 N

Answer

Both C and D; [(Kg-m/Sec2 ) = N]

Q.19 Weight of free fall object is

A: mass of the object × gravitational acceleration
B: Zero
C: greater than rest object
D: less than rest object

Answer

Zero

Q.20 Does escape velocity of a body depend on its mass?

A: Yes
B: No

Answer

No

Q.21 Let the escape velocity of earth is Ve. What would be the escape velocity of a planet whose mass and radius is double from earth?

A: Ve
B: 2 Ve
C: 4 Ve
D: 16 Ve

Answer

Ve ; escape velocity = √(2GM/R)

Note : G= universal gravitational constant; M = mass of planet; R = Radius of planet

Q.22 If the radius of earth is decrease keeping mass constant, then the length of day will

A: decrease
B: Increase
C: remain same Shape of Earth and Gravitation
D: can not say

Answer

Decrease

Q.23 If the earth stop rotating then the weight of an object on north pole will

A: Increase
B: decrease
C: remain same Shape of Earth and Gravitation
D: be zero

Answer Sainik School Study Material

Remain same

Q.24 If a stone bring back to earth from moon then its

A: mass will be changed
B: mass and weight will be changed. Online Sainik School Coaching
C: Weight never be changed
D: mass remain constant but weight will be changed

Answer

Mass remain same but weight will be changed.

Q.25 Suppose an object is thrown upward with an angle θ providing velocity equal to escape velocity (Ve). The magnitude of escape velocity will be..

A: Ve
B: Ve Cosθ
C: Ve Sinθ
D: Ve tanθ

Answer

Ve

Q.26 While revolving an artificial satellite around earth, the required centripetal force is provided by –

A: fuel contained in the satellite RIMC RMS Coaching Jalandhar
B: gravitational force due to sun
C: gravitational force due to earth RIMC RMS Coaching Jalandhar
D: Thrust produced by burning fuel Sainik School Study Material

Answer

gravitational force due to earth.

Q.27 In case of planet’s motion –

A: velocity remain constant in its orbit.RIMC RMS Coaching Jalandhar
B: angular velocity remain constant
C: total angular momentum remain constant
D: radius of orbit remain constant.

Answer

Total angular velocity remain constant. Online Sainik School Coaching

Q.28 An artificial satellite revolving around earth in a circular orbit. Its

A: linear velocity is constant
B: acceleration is constant
C: acceleration is changing RIMC RMS Coaching Jalandhar
D: angular velocity constant

Answer

acceleration is changing. RIMC RMS Coaching Jalandhar

Q.29 What is the value of gravitational acceleration inside the earth?

A: 9.8 m-s2
B: Infinite Sainik School Study Material
C: Zero
D: Can not be calculated Sainik School Study Material

Answer

Zero Online Sainik School Coaching

Q.30 In case of free fall the gravitational acceleration on a spherical object depends on__

A: The mass of the object Online Sainik School Coaching
B: The radius of the object
C: The density of the object
D: None of the above

Answer

None of the above

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Revision Course : Sainik School Exam Syllabus (Topic Wise GK)Shape of Earth and Gravitation MCQs. Sainik School Coaching Jalandhar

Topic : Shape of Earth and Gravitation.

Shape of Earth and Gravitation. Sainik School Coaching Jalandhar 

We, at ANAND CLASSES, are providing the Study Material for All India Sainik School Entrance Exam  for students who want to excel in their studies and ace their final exam.

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1. Direction of Earth rotates around axis from –

[RRB 1991]

A: North to South

B: South to North

C: East to West

D: West to East

Answer

West to East

2. What is the angle of inclination of Earth’s Axis to its orbital plane?

[NDA 1995]

A: 66½ degree

B: 66¾ Degree

C: 23½ degree

D: 90 degree

Answer

66½ degree

3. Vernal Equinox is –

[CDS 1991]

A: June 21st

B: March 21st

C: September 23rd

D: 22 December

Answer

March 21st

4. Summer Solstice is –

A: 21st September

B: 23 March

C: 21 December

D: June 21st

Answer

21st June

5. What is the shape of Earth?

A: Flat

B: Circle

C: Square

D: Sphere

Answer

Sphere

6. What is the average radius of Earth?

A: 8000 Km

B: 5000 Km

C: 6400 Km

D: 4600 Km

Answer

6400 Km

7. Correct sequence of Earth (from interior to surface) –

[NDA 1993]

A: Core > Crust > Mantle

B: Core > Mantle >Crust

C: Crust > Mantle > Core

D: Mantle > Core > Curst

Answer

B

8. When does the spring tide occur ?

[CDS 1993]

A: Moon is nearest to Earth

B: Moon is farthest to Earth

C: Moon sun and earth are perpendicular to each other

D: Sun moon and earth are colinear

Answer

Sun moon and earth are colinear

9. Where does the speed of rotation of Earth is highest?

[NDA 1994]

A: Along Equator

B: At Both pole (North and South Pole)

C: At Tropic cancer

D: at Arctic Circle

Answer

Along Equator

10. Degree of hardness of Minerals is measured by which of the following scale?

[IAS 2003]

A: Litho Scale

B: Mohs’ Scale

C; Aesthono Scale

D: Sima Sclae

Answer

Mohs’ Scale.

11. When moon is quite far from the earth, the solar eclipse would be likely to be :

A: Total

B: Partial

C: Annular

D: None of These

Answer

Annular

12. What is the total surface of the earth?

[CDS 2000]

A: 510 million square kilometer

B: 610 million square kilometer

C: 710 million square kilometer

D: 810 million square kilometer

Answer

510 sq km

13. Circumference of earth at equator is approximately –

[Hotel management 1992]

A: 30,000 km

B: 40,000 km

C: 50,000 km

D: 20,000 km

Answer

40,000 Km

14. The diameter of earth is approximately –

A: 6400 km

B: 4600 km

C: 12800 km

D: 9200 km

Answer

12800 km

15. On 22nd Dec, where does the day is longest and night is shortest?

A: Beijing

B: Melbourne

C: Washington DC

D: Chennai

Answer

Melbourne

ANAND CLASSES offers ALL INDIA SAINIK SCHOOL Entrance Exam Coaching in JalandharANAND CLASSES is the prevalent establishment in the Jalandhar for ALL INDIA SAINIK SCHOOL Entrance Exam. It is surely famous for its selective class management classes and productive Best ALL INDIA SAINIK SCHOOL Entrance Exam coaching institute in Jalandhar. 

The faculty at ANAND CLASSES – ARMED FORCE ACADEMY is highly qualified and vastly experienced in successfully coaching students for ALL INDIA SAINIK SCHOOL Entrance Exam.

ANAND CLASSES is known as leading institute for preparation of ALL INDIA SAINIK SCHOOL Entrance Exam Coaching in Jalandhar. We at ANAND CLASSES provide coaching for ALL INDIA SAINIK SCHOOL Entrance Exam from the past 15 years. The ALL INDIA SAINIK SCHOOL Entrance Exam Coaching Center in Jalandhar, Punjab.

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Revision Course : Sainik School Exam Syllabus (Topic Wise GK)Shape of Earth and Gravitation MCQs. Sainik School Coaching Jalandhar

Topic : Shape of Earth and Gravitation.

Shape of Earth and Gravitation. Sainik School Coaching Jalandhar 

We, at ANAND CLASSES, are providing the Study Material for All India Sainik School Entrance Exam  for students who want to excel in their studies and ace their final exam.

Sainik School Coaching Jalandhar. Sainik School Exam Study Material

What is Gravity?

Every object that has mass exerts a gravitational pull or force on every other mass. The strength of this pull depends on the masses of objects at play. Gravity is what keeps the planets in orbit around the sun and the moon around the Earth. Hence, we can say that

Gravity is a force that attracts a body towards the centre of the earth, or towards any other physical body having mass.

History of Gravity

  • In 1687, Sir Isaac Newton first discovered gravity. While sitting under an apple tree, he noticed an apple falling down. Then he tried to figure out why the apple instead of going up or left or right, came down. In this situation, there was clearly an unknown force at play, that force is what Newton called gravity and his theory is called Newton’s law of Universal Gravitation.
  • Later in the early 20th century, Albert Einstein developed a whole new idea about gravity. According to him, gravity is the warping of space and time.

Gravity in Universe

Gravity plays a major role in sustaining life on earth. It is because of the gravitational pull between the earth and the sun the atmosphere is kept in place and provides us with the air that we need to breathe in order to survive. It also keeps us at a safe distance from the sun allowing us to enjoy the sun’s light and warmth.

Measuring Gravity

Sir Issac Newton defined the force of gravity as follows:

Every particle of matter in the universe attracts every other particle with a force that is directly proportional to the product of the masses of the particles and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.”

Mathematically, this translates to:

  • F is the force,
  • (m_1) and (m_2) are masses of the objects interacting
  • r is the distance between the center of the masses
  • G is the gravitational constant (6.674×10−11 m3⋅kg−1⋅s−2)

This equation gives the magnitude of the force and since it is an attractive force it will always be directed towards the other object. From the above equation, we can come to the conclusion that anything that has mass has gravity. Objects with heavier mass have more gravity. The closer the two objects are, the heavier the gravitational pull between them. Gravity gets weaker with distance. The above formula is used to calculate the gravitational force between two objects.

Examples of Gravity

A few examples of gravity at work are:

  • The gases in the sun are held together by gravity.
  • Gravity is responsible for water to rest at the bottom of a glass instead of hovering over at the top of the glass.
  • The force of attraction between the earth and the moon causes tides in the ocean. This is the result of gravity.
  • Gravity causes the moon to revolve around the earth.

Gravity has the same effect on all objects. If you drop an iron road and a feather, they will fall at the exact same speed. Due to the effect of air resistance on gravity, it might look like the iron rod falls at a greater speed. However, if they were dropped in the vacuum, they would fall at the exact same time. The gravity of an object depends on its size. To be more specific, the Gravity of an object depends on the mass of that object. It is undoubtedly the weakest known force in nature and thus plays no role in determining the internal properties of everyday matter.

Relationship Between Gravity and Weight

Weight is defined as the force with which a body is attracted to the earth by gravitation. It is just another word for the force of gravity Fg. Weight is a force that acts on all objects near earth. The weight of an object can be calculated by multiplying the mass of the body with the magnitude of the acceleration due to gravity (g = 9.8 m/s2).

Mathematically, it is represented as:

Fg = mg

Where,

  • Fg is the force of gravity
  • m is the mass of the object
  • g is the acceleration due to gravity RIMC RMS Coaching Jalandhar

Many people confuse mass with weight. One has to keep in mind that mass is the measure of how much the body resists velocity, in other words, the inertia of the object. Although they are closely related to each other, they mean different things. The mass has units of kg, whereas, the weight is a force and has units of N.

Facts about Gravity

  • Gravity is the weakest of the four known fundamental forces of nature, yet it is the most dominant force. Even though it is the weakest force, Gravity holds together the entire solar systems and galaxies.
  • The speed of free fall is consistent over the surface of the earth. This means all objects fall at the same speed. This speed on earth is calculated to be 9.8 m/s.
  • The best current estimate of G is that it equals about (6.67259times 10^{-11}) newton-square meter per square kilogram.RIMC RMS Coaching Jalandhar
  • The force of attraction between you and the Earth is your weight.
  • An object must travel 7 miles a second i.e. the earth’s escape velocity to leave Earth’s gravitational pull behind.
  • The gravitational force on the moon is around 16% of that on Earth, Mars has around 38% of the Earth’s pull and Jupiter has 2.5 times the Earth’s gravity.
  • Black Holes are the places in the universe that have strong gravity, that even light cannot escape from it.
  • Gravity can bend light!
  • According to Einstein, gravity is not a force.
  • Gravity might be the weakest of the four fundamental forces, but it has an unlimited range.

Gravity is very important to us, it wouldn’t have been possible for us to live on earth if it weren’t for gravity. The sun’s gravity is what keeps the earth revolving around it, keeping us at a comfortable distance to enjoy the sun’s warmth and light. Ultimately, gravity is the glue that holds the cosmos together!Online Sainik School Coaching

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Frequently Asked Questions – FAQs

Why do we weigh less on the equator than at the North Pole?

Yes, we weigh less on the equator than at the poles. This is because there is more centrifugal force at the equator to cancel gravity. Therefore, the overall weight at the equator is lesser than at the poles. The centrifugal force at the equator is 0.034 m/s2 times the mass of your body while the centrifugal force at the poles is zero.

Does time go faster at the top of the building than at the bottom?

Yes, time goes faster the farther away you are from the earth’s surface compared to the time on the surface of the earth. This effect is known as “gravitational time dilation”. In short, the gravitational field is nothing but the curving of space and time.Online Sainik School Coaching

How do spaceships create artificial gravity?

A spaceship could achieve artificial gravity by rotating about its axis. To achieve this the radius of the rotation should be large. Additionally, a ship could create artificial gravity by constantly accelerating forwards.RIMC RMS Coaching Jalandhar

What is the speed of gravity on Earth?

Gravity is measured by the acceleration it gives to free-falling objects. At Earth’s surface, the acceleration of gravity is about 9.8 meters per second. Online Sainik School Coaching

Does the influence of gravity extend out forever?

The farther away you get from gravitational bodies such as the sun and the Earth, its gravitational effect on you weakens but never completely goes away.RIMC RMS Coaching Jalandhar

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Sainik School Coaching Jalandhar. Sainik School Exam Study MaterialNCERT Solutions Class 6 Social Science Geography Chapter 2 Globe Latitudes and Longitudes 2

1. Answer the following questions briefly.

(a) What is the true shape of the earth?

(b) What is a globe?

(c) What is the latitudinal value of the Tropic of Cancer?

(d) What are the three heat zones of the Earth?

(e) What are the parallels of latitude and meridians of longitude?

(f) Why does the torrid zone receive a maximum amount of heat?

(g) Why is it 5.30 p.m. in India and 12.00 noon in London?

Answer 1.

(a) The earth is not a perfect sphere. It is slightly flattened at the North and the South Poles and bulges in the middle.

(b) Globe is a miniature form of the Earth. RIMC RMS Coaching Jalandhar

(c) The latitudinal value of the Tropic of Cancer is 23½° N.

(d) The three heat zones of the Earth are:

  1. Torrid Zone
  2. Temperate Zone
  3. Frigid Zone

(e) All parallel circles from the equator to the poles are called parallels of latitudes. The lines of reference running from the North Pole to the South Pole are called meridians of longitude.

(f) The torrid zone receives the maximum amount of heat, because it is present between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn. The sun is exactly over the head once a year, on all the latitudes between these two tropics.

(g) India is located east of Greenwich at 82°30’E. It is 5 hours and 30 minutes ahead of GMT. So, it will be 5:30 p.m. in India, when it is 12:00 noon in London.

2. Tick the correct answers.

(a) The value of the prime meridian is

(i) 90° (ii) 0° (iii) 60°Sainik School Exam Study Material

(b) The frigid zone lies near RIMC RMS Coaching Jalandhar

(i) the Poles (ii) the Equator (iii) the Tropic of Cancer

(c) The total number of longitudes are

(i) 360 (ii) 180 (iii) 90

(d) The Antarctic Circle is located in

(i) the Northern hemisphere Online Sainik School Coaching

(ii) the Southern hemisphere

(iii) the Eastern hemisphere Online Sainik School Coaching

(e) Grid is a network of

(i) parallels of latitudes and meridians of longitude

(ii) the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn

(iii) the North Pole and the South Pole

Answer 2.

  1. (ii) 0° RIMC RMS Coaching Jalandhar
  2. (i) the Poles
  3. (ii) 360°
  4. (ii) the Southern hemisphere
  5. (i) parallels of latitudes and meridians of longitude

3. Fill in the blanks.

(a) The Tropic of Capricorn is located at _________________.

(b) The Standard Meridian of India is ____________________.

(c) The 0° Meridian is also known as ____________________.

(d) The distance between the longitudes decreases towards___________.

(e) The Arctic Circle is located in the ____________ hemisphere.

Answer 3. Online Sainik School Coaching

(a) The Tropic of Capricorn is located at 23½° S.

(b) The Standard Meridian of India is 82½° E Longitude.

(c) The 0° Meridian is also known as Prime Meridian.

(d) The distance between the longitudes decreases towards the poles.

(e) The Arctic Circle is located in the northern hemisphere.

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Sainik School Coaching Jalandhar

1. The wearing away of the earth’s surface is called.Mountain Terrain and Lifestyle MCQs

(a) mountains Sainik School Coaching Jalandhar

(b) plateau

(c) erosion Sainik School Coaching Jalandhar

(d) deposition. Mountain Terrain and Lifestyle MCQs

2. In some mountains there are permanently frozen rivers of ice known as

(a) river valley Sainik School Coaching Jalandhar

(b) glaciers

(c) plateaus

(d) none of these

3. The lower blocks in Block Mountains are

(a) graben

(b) horsts

(c) glaciers

(d) none of these Sainik School Coaching Jalandhar

4. Mountains may be arranged in a line known as

(a) horsts

(b) range

(c) glacier

(d) all of these

5. Where are glaciers found?

(a) In plains

(b) In mountains

(c) In plateaus

(d) None of these

6. Tibet is a

(a) plateau

(b) mountain range

(c) both (a) and (b)

(d) none of these

7. Which is the important mountain range of Europe?

(a) Alps

(b) Rockies

(c) Andes

(d) All of these

8. Which area is the most useful for human habitation?

(a) Plain

(b) Mountain Sainik School Coaching Jalandhar

(c) River

(d) Glacier

9. Where is it easy to grow crops, build a house and a road?

(a) Mountain

(b) Plain

(c) River

(d) Glacier

10. The available land is not only for our use but also for

(a) future generation

(b) past generation

(c) present generation

(d) none of these

Answer Key

1. (c) 2. (b) 3. (a) 4. (b) 5. (b) 6. (a) 7. (a) 8. (a) 9. (b) 10. (a)

 

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1. Which one of the following is the youngest folded mountain range in India?

(a) Aravalli Hills

(b) Eastern Ghats

(c) Western Ghats

(d) Himalayas

► (d) Himalayas

2. Elevated table land

(a) Plateau

(b) Plain

(c) Mountains

(d) Rivers

► (a) Plateau

3. Wearing away of earth

(a) Erosion

(b) Weather

(c) Climate

(d) Horst

► (a) Erosion

4. ___ are lowlands where slope of the land is gradual

(a) Mountains

(b) Rivers

(c) Plains

(d) Plateau

► (c) Plains

5. These are large stretches of flat land

(a) River

(b) Mountain

(c) Plateau

(d) Plain

► (d) Plain

6. A steep hill with an elevation of more than 600 metres is called

(a) Mountain

(b) Hill

(c) Glaciers

(d) Plains

► (a) Mountain

7. Mountains are very useful. The mountains are a storehouse of

(a) Water

(b) Gas

(c) Rice

(d) Minerals

► (a) Water

8. It is a land surface higher than the local area

(a) Plateau

(b) Mountain

(c) Plain

(d) Hill

► (d) Hill

9. Which of the following is not a volcanic mountain

(a) Cotopaxi

(b) Rockies

(c) Fujiyama

(d) Krakatoa

► (b) Rockies

10. Rivers of ice

(a) Ice sheet

(b) Ice cubes

(c) Ice bergs

(d) Glaciers

► (d) Glaciers

11. ____ is the continuous wearing down and rebuilding of the land surface

(a) Minor process

(b) External process

(c) Internal process

(d) Major process

► (b) External process

12. Which of the following is not an agent of erosion and deposition

(a) Running water

(b) Glaciers

(c) Earthquake

(d) Wind

► (c) Earthquake

13. How plateau is differ from the mountains

(a) It is considerably higher than the surroundings

(b) Plateau is elevated flat land

(c) There are three types of mountains

(d) Its elevation is more than 600 metres

► (b) Plateau is elevated flat land

14. The landforms on earth are formed by

(a) Gradual forces

(b) Tectonic forces

(c) Volcanic forces

(d) Earth forces

► (b) Tectonic forces

15. Which of the following is the Peninsular plateau?

(a) Deccan

(b) Sahara

(c) Chotanagpur

(d) North

► (a) Deccan

16. The Salt range is in

(a) Pakistan

(b) Sri Lanka

(c) Bangladesh

(d) India

► (a) Pakistan

17. What are two land forming processes

(a) Upper processes and Lower processes

(b) Block processes and Fold processes

(c) Internal processes and External processes

(d) Minor processes and Major processes

► (c) Internal processes and External processes

18. External process leads to

(a) Sinking of the earth surface

(b) Upliftment of earth’s surface

(c) Continues wearing of the internal surface areas

(d) Continuous wearing down of the land surface

► (d) Continuous wearing down of the land surface

19. Which of the following is not the type of mountains

(a) Rockies Mountain

(b) Block mountains

(c) Fold mountains

(d) Volcanic mountains

► (a) Rockies Mountain

20. Which of the following relief feature is known as tablelands

(a) Plateau

(b) Mountains

(c) Hills

(d) Plain

► (a) Plateau

21. __________ forces originate from within the earth and ____ forces originate from outside the earth

(a) Volcanic and Tectonic

(b) Tectonic and Gradational

(c) Gradational and Volcanic

(d) Gradational and Tectonic

► (b) Tectonic and Gradational

22. _____ are suitable for agriculture, settlement and transportation

(a) Plains

(b) Plateau

(c) Rivers

(d) Mountains

► (a) Plains

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